簡(jiǎn)介

螺旋擠壓脫水機(jī)(Screw extrusion dehydrator)是一種用于凝聚、脫水的主要設(shè)備。主要由螺桿、圓筒形籠式外殼和錐體三部分組成，由撓性聯(lián)軸節(jié)將螺桿軸與減速器的輸出軸連接起來(lái)。

Brief Introduction

Screw extruder is a main equipment used for coagulation and dehydration. It is mainly composed of screw, cylindrical cage shell and cone. The screw shaft is connected with the output shaft of reducer by flexible coupling.

脫水機(jī)主要由螺桿、圓筒形籠式外殼和錐體三部分組成，由撓性聯(lián)軸節(jié)將螺桿軸與減速器的輸出軸連接起來(lái)。

1.螺桿

由節(jié)螺紋和軸環(huán)交替地套在螺桿軸上組成。每節(jié)螺紋和軸環(huán)分別用鍵固定在螺桿軸上。螺紋除第1節(jié)（進(jìn)料區(qū)）為三圈等距連續(xù)螺紋外，其余各節(jié)均為單圈開(kāi)放式，各節(jié)螺距均不相同，由低壓側(cè)到高壓側(cè)逐漸縮小，輪轂直徑則逐漸增大以增加壓力，藉以擠出橡膠中的水分。

2.圓筒形能式外殼

由固定在骨架上的籠條所組成的蓖子板構(gòu)成。蓖子板分8段，每段長(zhǎng)度不等。圓筒內(nèi)徑為18英寸，在垂直中心線(xiàn)上分成兩半以螺栓緊固，以便于清洗和維修時(shí)拆卸。組成蓖子板的籠條之間被彈簧片隔開(kāi)形成縱縫，以使水分流出。在圓筒內(nèi)上下兩側(cè)的骨架上設(shè)有刮刀，與螺桿上的軸環(huán)位置相對(duì)應(yīng)，其作用是阻止橡膠隨螺桿旋轉(zhuǎn)，強(qiáng)制橡膠改變推進(jìn)方向和位置，并使之形成疏松多孔狀，以利于干燥。圓筒外部設(shè)有四個(gè)供加熱或冷卻用的夾套，可根據(jù)工藝要求分區(qū)控制機(jī)內(nèi)的溫度。在丁苯橡膠生產(chǎn)中，只是在開(kāi)車(chē)前通蒸汽預(yù)熱機(jī)體時(shí)才使用。

3.錐體

這是設(shè)在出料區(qū)的錐形圓筒，可以前后移動(dòng)以便與固定在螺桿軸上的環(huán)相配合。錐體前后移動(dòng)是由調(diào)速電機(jī)通過(guò)四個(gè)千斤頂組成的齒輪帶動(dòng)的同時(shí)也設(shè)有手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)。通過(guò)錐體的前后移動(dòng)來(lái)增減出口銳孔的面積，以改變機(jī)內(nèi)的壓力，從而調(diào)節(jié)橡膠的脫水率。橡膠自錐體銳孔擠出后，被安裝在螺桿軸上的刀具切成小塊。由于橡膠在機(jī)內(nèi)受到機(jī)被的剪力和被壓縮而使溫度升高，故在通過(guò)錐體銳孔時(shí)橡膠中的水分即行閃蒸，從而使橡膠呈疏松多孔狀。

Main Structure and Function of Each Component
The dehydrator is mainly composed of screw, cylindrical cage shell and cone. The screw shaft is connected with the output shaft of the reducer by flexible coupling.

1. screw

The screw is composed of a screw thread and a shaft ring alternately sleeved on the screw shaft. Each thread and shaft ring are fixed on the screw shaft with keys. Except for the first section (feeding area) which is three-circle continuous threads with equal distance, the other sections are single-circle open type. The pitches of each section are different. The pitches of each section are gradually reduced from the low pressure side to the high pressure side, while the diameter of the hub is gradually increased to increase the pressure so as to extrude the moisture in rubber.

2. cylindrical energy shell

It is made of castor plates made of cage bars fixed on the skeleton. The castor plate is divided into 8 sections with different lengths. The inner diameter of the cylinder is 18 inches and is bolted in two halves along the vertical center line for easy removal during cleaning and maintenance. The cage bar consisting of castor plates is separated by springs to form longitudinal joints to cause water to flow out. A scraper is arranged on the skeleton of the upper and lower sides of the cylinder, which corresponds to the position of the axle ring on the screw. Its function is to prevent the rubber from rotating with the screw, force the rubber to change the direction and position of propulsion, and make it porous, so as to facilitate drying. There are four jackets outside the cylinder for heating or cooling, which can control the temperature in the machine according to the process requirements. In the production of styrene butadiene rubber, it is used only when steam is preheated before starting up the machine.

3. cone

This is a conical cylinder located in the discharge area, which can be moved back and forth to match the ring fixed on the screw shaft. The front and back movement of the cone is driven by the gears composed of four jacks of the speed governing motor, and at the same time there is a manual adjusting mechanism. By moving the cone back and forth, the area of the sharp hole at the outlet is increased and reduced, so as to change the pressure in the machine, thus adjusting the dehydration rate of rubber. After extrusion of the rubber cone, the cutter is cut into small pieces on the screw shaft. Because rubber is heated by shearing force and compression inside the machine, water in the rubber flash evaporated when passing through the sharp hole of the cone, which makes the rubber porous.

1、旋轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)濾：污泥經(jīng)絮凝劑劑絮凝后，形成一定強(qiáng)度的絮團(tuán)，含有大量自由水的固液混合物經(jīng)立式反應(yīng)器溢流口進(jìn)入旋轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)濾機(jī)，污泥在螺旋軸軸葉片的推動(dòng)下向前運(yùn)動(dòng)，由于重力作用進(jìn)行自由脫水，滾筒與螺旋轉(zhuǎn)向相反，使污泥在滾筒內(nèi)不斷翻滾，把絮團(tuán)內(nèi)部自由水不斷的濾出，濃縮后的污泥經(jīng)螺旋葉片推送中出料口，進(jìn)入下一級(jí)脫水工序。

2、螺旋擠壓：預(yù)脫水完的污泥經(jīng)進(jìn)料斗進(jìn)入螺旋擠壓機(jī)后，污泥在錐度螺旋軸和變徑螺旋的作用下，使物液產(chǎn)生體積上壓縮，從而使料液中的水分通過(guò)孔狀濾筒迅速被分離出去，而固體物在不斷壓縮的作用下含水率逐漸下降而成為我們所需要的濾餅，最后在螺旋的輸送作用下排出機(jī)外  。

Working principle

1. Rotary filtration: sludge is flocculated by flocculant to form a certain strength flocculent. Solid-liquid mixture containing a large amount of free water enters the rotary filter through the overflow port of vertical reactor. Sludge moves forward under the impetus of the helical shaft blade. Because of gravity, it is dewatered freely, and the drum turns opposite to the helix. Sludge rolls continuously in the drum, and the free water in the floc is filtered out continuously. The concentrated sludge is pushed to the outlet through the spiral blade and enters the next dewatering process.

2. Screw extrusion: After the pre-dewatered sludge enters the screw extruder through the feed hopper, the sludge is compressed in volume under the action of taper helix axis and diameter-changing helix, so that the moisture in the sludge is quickly separated through the porous filter, while the moisture content of solid gradually decreases under the action of constant compression to become the filter cake we need, and finally discharge it out under the action of screw transportation.

如酒糟、果渣、藥渣、木薯渣等的脫水，大大減輕干燥機(jī)的負(fù)擔(dān)，產(chǎn)量大幅度提高，能耗大幅度降低，是高濕物料干燥前的處理設(shè)備，經(jīng)過(guò)脫水后的物料可以直接進(jìn)入干燥設(shè)備。

Purpose

For example, the dehydration of distiller's grains, fruit dregs, medicine dregs and cassava dregs can greatly reduce the burden of dryer, greatly increase the output and reduce the energy consumption. It is an indispensable treatment equipment before drying of high-humidity materials. The dehydrated materials can directly enter the drying equipment.